AN65 Simplifying Tasks Power Management, Keyboard Configuration,
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Introduction Xicor's 80C51 SLIC PROM LapKit Chipset:
AN65
Simplifying Tasks Power Management, Keyboard Configuration, Control
Gray Creager, July 1994
constantly changing laptop computer marketplace requires solutions several problems associated with bundling desktop computing power configurability into systems limited size weight. With conventional designs, upgrading nonvolatile configuration information often requires dismantling laptop unit swapping parts, typically EPROMs. There many obvious drawbacks those designs. Now, Xicor introduces chipset offering much more flexible nonvolatile solution that implemented hardware, allows direct changes BIOS firmware under software control. With this chipset, only does designer benefit from advanced features 80C51SL architecture keyboard control, because PROM technology, custom power
P10/SCL P11/SDA
management routines implemented BIOS updated whenever required. Such flexibility essential today's power hungry laptop notebook computers. LapKit chipset (Fig. consists 80C51SL advanced keyboard microcontroller, X88C75 Microperipheral, X9241 Quad POT. With these chips, problems associated with based keyboard controllers resolved. Since contents X88C75 array updated circuit, problems costs associated with removal replacement EPROM memories entirely avoided. extra features computation power 80C51SL also allow easy implementation power management algorithms extend battery life.
LED0 Keyboard Interface
KSO0
KSI0 GateA20 LAPKIT X80C51 SLIC ©XICOR ©INTEL LAPKIT X88C75 SLIC® ©XICOR
XICOR X9241WS
Contrast Brightness Audio Volume
A0-3
ADB0
Host Interface
PCDB0 PCOBF
PSEN MEMCSL
STRA
PS/2 Mouse
MDATA MCLK EXKBD EXKBDC ANI0 AVREF AVGND
STRB
INT0 LOADREN
Analog Inputs
Figure LapKit chipset functional diagram
6602-1.1 03/22/95
Xicor, Inc. 1511 Buckeye Drive Milpitas, 95035 (408) 432-8888
AN65-1
Xicor Finally, using just POTs X9241, brightness contrast easily controllable. remaining POTs used elsewhere system (e.g. volume control speaker, etc.). 80C51SL power, universal keyboard controller specifically designed laptop notebook computer applications. Using 80C51 architecture it's core, this microcontroller functionality ubiquitous 8042 keyboard interface controller, with additional power management features. capable operating clocking frequencies 16MHz ±10%) packaged PQFP. Among more useful extra features integrated into this device 4-channel, 8-bit successive approximation converter uniquely suited power management duties. interfacing, there high-drive, bidirectional port pins which configured into standard serial interfaces, many high-drive driver ports, interrupts (including definable external interrupts) with selectable priorities, internal power-down/idle modes increase battery life. When 80C51SL purchased part this chipset, 16K-bytes microcontroller will contain Phoenix Technologies keyboard BIOS routines. X88C75 SLIC Microperipheral highly integrated microcontroller peripheral intended interface directly (and greatly enhance capabilities 80C51 family microcontrollers. 8K-bytes PROM organized dual plane architecture (4K-bytes each), allowing concurrent read during write ability. with other Xicor devices, Software Data Protect logic provided prevent undesired writes array, well more advanced Block Lock data protection schemes configuring array 1K-byte sections. This configuration stored nonvolatile register will retained, even after power removed. X88C75 contains vectors BIOS routines microcontroller that allow reprogram device (e.g. alter custom power management routines, change keyboard scan matrix, etc.). This device provides general purpose bidirectional ports, providing total additional addressable port pins. X88C75 also features internal programmable address decoding, multiplexed address/data bus,
AN65
16-bytes general purpose SRAM. other important feature LapKit SLIC (Self Loading Integrated Code) pre-programmed into 80C51SL ROM. These executable routines customized 80C51SL establish reprogramming interface between X88C75. Effectively, array X88C75 altered under control (i.e. from special Windows program). X9241 Quad nonvolatile, digitally controllable potentiometer which recognizes several different software commands passed compatible bus. These CMOS POTs each have wiper taps, with ability cascade adjacent POTs longer lengths. wiper position each stored associated nonvolatile registers later recall. power cycles, these four POTs will return positions that were previously stored each respective initial register. There several advantages this chipset over alternatives. LapKit isolates power management from CPU, instead implements with excess computing power 80C51SL. This alleviates vendor incompatibility problems that surface when second sourcing with different implementation system management mode (not manufacturers adhere common tasks performed when enters SMM) Transferring power management task microcontroller could problematic designer needs alot BIOS code needs regularly upgrade this code. However, Xicor LapKit ideally suited just such task! With 80C51SL's 16K-bytes 8K-bytes external memory X88C75, even most ambitious power management schemes implemented. upgrades required, software executing will allow direct in-circuit reprogrammability nonvolatile array. With trend toward longer product life high performance laptops, expandability becomes important issue consumer. However, consumer will want sacrifice battery life because these enhancements. Consequently, addition components system will require different power management schemes. With LapKit, vendor allow appropriate changes
6602-1.1 03/22/95
AN65-
Xicor simply providing reconfiguration software consumer use. Also, NiCd batteries become outdated newer better technologies, laptop computer could reconfigured other battery types simply altering power management BIOS. this manner, LapKit used make laptop nearly expandable conventional desktop where power management requirements normally concern. Other uses X88C75 code space include ability re-map scanning matrix keyboard time. This feature would useful when switching between incompatible keyboards separate locations. These BIOS "custom" routines interrupt driven, allowing greater flexibility enable/disable certain routines using vector redirection table included X88C75. includes RESET vectors, SLIC routines, Phoenix keyboard BIOS, generic interface routines. Using these routines, System Management (see Intel Duracell Smart Battery specification) ACCESS.bus could also implemented. X88C75 array includes previously mentioned interrupt redirection map, "custom" keyboard matrix, command redirection map, other "custom" code. This provides efficient powerful software control 80C51SL microcontroller. segmentation 80C51SL memory shown below. 0000H RESET vectors 005EH Phoenix keyboard code 3000H SLIC loader (SLIC) 3334H store regs subroutines 3370H custom code 3FFFH 5FFFH 4000H customized keyboard matrices CHK_ENBL special function table service interrupt vectors
AN65
Finally, X9241 Quad used variety tasks laptop environment, including control LCD. backlighting circuitry LCD, great benefit manipulate brightness display screen. Intelligent control will decrease current draw battery extend it's life before recharge. Consequently, this important part power management. X9241 will allow several different brightness settings under digital control, since often nuisance have dark when constant use. Using identical conventional mechanical slider switch, with additional advantages digital control. Similar uses found contrast control, volume control, etc. Clearly, Lapkit will significant enhancement features workhorse 80C51 microcontroller family. comparison other keyboard controllers, Xicor's LapKit will provide greater functionality more nonvolatile features. With flexible power management, keyboard, control, this chipset will complement laptop notebook design. There (±10%) chipset available designated LapKit well 3.3V (±10%) version designated LapKit 51LV. time this databook's publication, LapKit 51LV chipset's economical price 10,000 units more, with previously described functionality, unprecedented laptop world.
6602-1.1 03/22/95
AN65-3
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