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High speed Transceivers
TLE6250G TLE6250GV33 TLE6251DS TLE6251G
Edition 2006-04-01 Published Infineon Technologies St.-Martin-Strasse 81669 Germany Infineon Technologies 2006. Rights Reserved. Attention please! information given this Data Sheet shall event regarded guarantee conditions characteristics ("Beschaffenheitsgarantie"). With respect examples hints given herein, typical values stated herein and/or information regarding application device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims warranties liabilities kind, including without limitation warranties noninfringement intellectual property rights third party. Information further information technology, delivery terms conditions prices please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings technical requirements components contain dangerous substances. information types question please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies Components only used life-support devices systems with express written approval Infineon Technologies, failure such components reasonably expected cause failure that life-support device system, affect safety effectiveness that device system. Life support devices systems intended implanted human body, support and/or maintain sustain and/or protect human life. they fail, reasonable assume that health user other persons endangered.
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Subjects (major changes since last revision)
Template: ap_a4_tmplt.fm 2005-10-01
High speed Transceiver
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3.1 2.3.1.1 2.3.1.2 2.3.1.3 2.3.2 2.3.2.1 2.3.2.2 2.3.3 2.3.3.1 2.3.3.2 2.3.4 2.3.4.1 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.3.7 2.3.8 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.4.1 3.1.4.2 3.1.5 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5
Introduction. Recessive Level. Dominant level. Driver symmetry.
Vehicle Network. Type supplies vehicle. Unsupplied modules parked car. (Clamp Supplied modules parked car. (Clamp Mixed network. Ground line. High current applications. current application. Transceiver automotive environment. battery voltage. TLE6250G. TLE6251DS. TLE6251G. High battery voltage. TLE6250G TLE6251DS. TLE6251G. Reverse polarity. TLE6250G TLE6251DS. TLE6251G. Short circuit bus. Termination resistors case short circuit Vbat. Temperature. Ground shift. Loss ground. Loss Battery. Power management, transceiver supply. TLE6250G. TLE6250G unsupplied mode. TLE6250G inhibit mode. TLE6250G normal mode. TLE6250G fault condition. Average maximum current fault condition. Peak maximum current decoupling capacitor. TLE6250G junction temperature. TLE6251DS. TLE6251DS unsupplied mode. TLE6251DS stand mode. TLE6251DS normal mode. TLE6251DS fault condition. TLE6251DS junction temperature. TLE6251G. TLE6251G unsupplied mode. TLE6251G sleep mode. TLE6251G Stand mode. TLE6251G receive only mode. TLE6251G normal mode.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
3.3.6 3.3.7 3.3.8 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.2.1 4.2.2.2 4.2.2.3 4.2.3 4.2.3.1 4.2.3.2 4.2.3.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.5.1 4.3.5.2 4.3.6 4.3.7 4.3.7.1 4.3.7.2 4.3.8 4.3.8.1 4.3.8.2 4.3.8.3 4.3.8.4 4.3.9 4.3.10 4.3.10.1 4.3.10.2 4.3.10.3 4.3.10.4 5.2.1 5.2.2
TLE6251G fault condition. TLE6251G junction temperature. Choice voltage regulator. Interface with micro controller. TLE6250G/GV33. (only TLE6250G version). INH. (only TLE6250GV33). TxD. RxD. TLE6251DS. STB. TxD. Hardware description. Time function. Time function. Baud rate limitation. RxD. Hardware description. Wake behavior. Delay from stand normal mode. TLE6251G. TxD. RxD. NSTB. VµC. maximum current. under voltage detection. Vcc. NERR. Possible errors cases. NERR short circuit. INH. purpose. power capability. driving input Voltage regulator. Wake timing with INH. Software issues consideration TLE6251G. Cold start. start. Enter Standby mode. Enter Sleep mode. pins. Terminations concepts. Termination resistors. Split pin. Recessive voltage mixed Clamp network, without SPLIT. Recessive voltage mixed Clamp network, with SPLIT. CAN_H CAN_L.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.3.1 7.3.1.1 7.3.1.2 7.3.2 7.3.2.1 7.3.2.2 7.3.2.3 7.3.2.4 7.3.3
Aspects. tests definition. Human Body Model test. (MIL-STD 883). test. (IEC 61000-4-2). Charged Device Model (CDM). Machine Model (MM). protection. Modules under test. Device without external protection circuitry. level reached with choke coil. level reached with choke coil diode varistor. layout. Conclusion. aspect. Immunity against transcients. Immunity against disturbances. Stripline test. 11452-5. Bulk Current Injection test. (BCI). 11452-4. Infineon transceivers disturbances. Immunity against transcients. Damage test. Malfunction test. Immunity against disturbances. test limitation Principle test. Results Infineon's transceiver under test. Improvement result. choke coil. Emission Conclusion.
Products summary References.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure
Typical high speed signal. Dominant level Common mode voltage definition. Typical Clamp application Typical Clamp application Mixed CL15 CL30 network Typical high current application Undervoltage detection mechanism Current termination resistors case short circuit Vbat. System with ground shift event Typical ground shift signal. signals with ground shift. Loss ground with inductive load Buffer capacitor function baud rate. Quiescent current computation stand mode. Quiescent current computation sleep mode, with without inhibit functionnality. Block diagram TLE6250G/ TLE6250GV33. Module connection verification, using receive only mode functionnality. parasitic delay case serial resistor. receiver timing Typical application TLE6250G. Typical application TLE6250GV33. comparison TLE6251DS TLE6250G Permanent dominant time feature. Wake timing. Delay from stand normal mode timing. Typical application TLE6251DS. comparison TLE6251DS TLE6251G TLE6251G Mode state diagram Possible failure cases failures word list. (According 11898) Circuitry output Possible wake circuitries. Wake timing with function. Cold start. Typical application circuit TLE6251G, with separate 3.3V supply Flow diagram cold start. Flow diagram warm start. Flow diagram enter Stand mode Flow diagram enter Sleep mode. Application circuitry split pin. Equivalent electrical schematic mixed network without split pin. Equivalent electrical schematic mixed network with SPLIT Recessive level different configurations mixed network with split. Current flowing TLE6250G ground, function voltage. Device unsupplied Comparison current between test. test equipement Standard Infineon protection Schematic test Positive discharge, device supplied. Read ground supply current. Negative discharge, device supplied. Read ground supply current. discharge, device supplied. Read ground current. With choke coil. Positive discharge, device supplied. Read ground current. With varistor. V1.0, 2006-04-01
Application Note
High speed Transceiver
Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure
Negative discharge, device supplied. Read ground current. With varistor. example ESD. Good design robustness. test limitation example test test results example TLE6250G Choke coil principle. test results with choke coil TLE6250G. test results with TLE6250G, without chock coil test results with TLE6250G with without chock coil
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Table Table Table Table
parameters recessive output node parameters dominant output node Driver symmetry Damage test
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Introduction. Recessive Level.
Introduction.
increasing number electronics equipment todays cars implies information exchange. avoid massive usage wires between modules, digital protocol been created. This protocol been named Controller Area Network. allows communication, speed 1Mbit/s. avoid noisy communication terms electromagnetic emission, medium twisted pair electrical signal differential. Figure shows typical signal high speed CAN, basic reason electro-magnetic emission. When CAN_H rises, some parasitic emitted. same time, CAN_L goes down, same proportion. these parasitics electromagnetic emission limited.
CAN_H
2.5V
emission
CAN_L Recessive state Dominant state
Figure
Typical high speed signal
This application note intended present high speed application usage Infineon transceivers these applications. This document refers international standard 11898-2 [5], J2284, 11898-5 [6], well TLE6250G [1],TLE6251DS [2], TLE6251G datasheets. First part document will describes high speed network automotive environnement. Then will focus transceivers itself easy interfacing with micro-controller, will conclude application hints successfully reach challenges such networks require.
Recessive Level.
During recessive state, signal specified 11898-2 [5]and ISO11898-5 [6]. Table gives parameters (extract ISO11898-2 table Table Parameter Output voltage Differential output voltage Differential input voltage parameters recessive output node Notation VCAN_H VCAN_L Vdiff Vdiff Unit load Condition load
-500
Dominant level.
During dominant state, signal specified 11898-2 ISO11898-5 [6]. Figure shows definition parameters, described Table (extract ISO11898-2 table
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Introduction. Driver symmetry.
CAN_H 4.5V 2.75V 2.5V
Vdiff VCANH VCANL
CAN_L Dominant state
2.25V 0.5V
Figure
Dominant level
Table Parameter
parameters dominant output node Notation VCAN_H VCAN_L Vdiff Vdiff Unit -0,9 2,25 load load Condition load 2,75
Output voltage Differential output voltage Differential input voltage
Driver symmetry.
ISO11898-5 [6], driver symmetry specified. This improve behaviour. Figure shows definition parameter, unsymmetry appears often when CAN_H CAN_L perfectly synchronized. Table gives specified values.
CAN_H+CAN_L CAN_H 2.5V
CAN_L Recessive state Dominant state
Figure
Common mode voltage definition.
Table Prameter
Driver symmetry Notation VSYM Unit Condition
Load 120, 4.7nF 250kHz,
Driver symmetry
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Vehicle Network. Type supplies vehicle.
Vehicle Network.
Type supplies vehicle.
According makers requirements, modules supplied supplied when parked. Main reason unsupplied modules current saving car's battery, when supplied modules quickly wake request, monitoring discretes inputs like switches.
2.1.1
Unsupplied modules parked car. (Clamp
Unsupplied modules mainly under hood applications engine control unit. When parked, main switch battery supply (see Figure This supply line often called Clamp KL15 (Klemme German). Since battery isn't present, voltage regulator transceiver unsupplied. will later (Chapter 5.2) basic requirements such applications transceivers.
Main switch ignition
Battery
wires network
Figure
Typical Clamp application
2.1.2
Supplied modules parked car. (Clamp
Supplied modules, even when parked mainly requested body vehicle, door modules, keyless receiver, etc. battery voltage comes directly module. This supply line often called Clamp KL30 (Klemme German). Since battery present, transceiver supplied. will Chapter basic requirements such applications transceivers.
Battery
wires network
Figure
Typical Clamp application
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Vehicle Network. Ground line.
2.1.3
Mixed network.
also possible solutions. Some modules discretes switches wakeable, some only supplied main switch. Figure shows application principle. Chapter describes challenges achieve with this kind mixed network.
Battery ECU30_1 ECU30_ ECU30_n
wires network
ECU15_1
ECU15_2
ECU15_m
Main switch ignition
Figure Mixed CL15 CL30 network
Ground line.
ground line influence electronic equipment, especially communication purposes, since physical layer depends voltage level. reference chassis vehicle. ground module might this chassis reference. ground shifted between modules, each transceivers different ground level communication mismatch might occurs. ground line also influences performance module vehicle. Chapter Chapter
2.2.1
High current applications.
ground reference vehicle chassis. Some applications like power-steering, starter-alternator, etc. have huge current ground (80Amps even higher). Moreover, current often Special consideration should taken with respect ground cable resistor, well inductance taken into account. Figure shows typical high current module. Wiring companies often give resistance cable, /km. standard cross section cable resistance about /km. Amps application with cable means then ground shift about 1.6V, without considering connectors, traces resistance. This voltage drop cannot neglected. Figure also shows possible voltage drop, inside module trace. This will mainly affect robustness. Please refer Chapter Chapter
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Vehicle Network. Transceiver automotive environment.
TL7469G
Phase phases Motor XC164 Phase Phase Three phase motor driver Phase
Transceiver CAN_H TLE6250G
TLE6280GP Phase SPB80N03S2-03 Phase
CAN_L
100mA
traces impedance
100mA
Ground wire chassis with impedance, function lenght
Ground shift voltage
Figure
Typical high current application
2.2.2
current application.
Most applications current applications, where voltage drop ground wire close zero ground current neglected.
Transceiver automotive environment.
This chapter describes behavior transceivers automotive environment, meaning example, loss ground, battery voltage, cranking pulse, load dump, etc. Each maker (OEM) specify environmental specification that application note cannot cover cases, gives application hints deal with these issues.
2.3.1
battery voltage.
This situation happens mainly during cranking engine. Except TLE6251G, transceivers directly connected battery voltage. transceiver then mainly dependant voltage regulator behavior. Please refers Chapter 3.3.8, voltage regulator's choice.
2.3.1.1
TLE6250G.
TLE6250G special under voltage function integrated. device working warranted, should higher than minimum operating voltage specified data sheet 4.5V. Below this value, observed that device still working, sending receiving data, parameters warranted compliant standard. recessive voltage proportional Vcc, typical half Vcc. example, with recessive voltage will typical. then recommended monitor battery voltage external circuitry early warning function voltage regulator, avoid miscommunication during this time. When voltage low, typical device state, comparable unsupplied.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Vehicle Network. Transceiver automotive environment.
2.3.1.2
TLE6251DS.
TLE6251DS doesn't integrate under voltage function behaves TLE6250G. Please refers Chapter 2.3.1.1.
2.3.1.3
TLE6251G.
TLE6251G integrates undervoltage detection supply pins, VµC. these pins voltage below specified minimum values (see [3]) device goes after filtering blanking time standby mode, case undervoltage Sleep Mode case undervoltage detection VµC. Please refers Figure explanation Please also refers Chapter 4.3.5.2, undervoltage detection Vµc/ Vcc.
tUV,t tUV,t
Normal mode Standby mode
Figure
Undervoltage detection mechanism
Since undervoltage mechanism below minimum operating voltage (for production spread temperature dependancy reasons), between these under voltage states minumum operation, device active operates, without warranted conformity standard. Last least, undervoltage detection threshold buffered with hysteresis.
2.3.2
High battery voltage.
discuss here high battery voltage conditions, like jump start, load dump, highest nominal battery voltage. voltage should exceed absolute maximum rating. Otherwise, device could damaged destroyed. high battery voltage well load dump voltage regulator issues. Since dissipated power directly proportional input voltage, (see Equation (1)), issue power LDO. Power loss LDO: Ploss (Vbat Vcc) Vbat Iout output current LDO. current consumption (values found datasheet). power dissipation challenge passed, application will work properly.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Vehicle Network. Transceiver automotive environment.
2.3.2.1
TLE6250G TLE6251DS.
applications, concern high operating battery voltage limited very special cases, double failure (CAN_H CAN_L shorted battery high voltage operation). absolute maximum rating warranties destruction device because highest voltage seen load dump. only concerns power dissipation, when CAN_L shorted battery. device limits current, with battery voltage, temperature will increase dramatically device might into thermal shutdown. (failure case Figure 30).
2.3.2.2
TLE6251G.
addition TLE6250G TLE6251DS (see Chapter 2.3.2.1) remarks, TLE6251G includes high side switch. case high battery voltage, power loss switch cannot neglected recommended connect ohmic load output. should considered high voltage signal only. also Chapter 4.3.8.
2.3.3
Reverse polarity.
Same remark Chapter 2.3.2. issue mainly carried voltage regulator. Anyway, some possible current path exists described following sections.
2.3.3.1
TLE6250G TLE6251DS.
possible failure would current flowing into CAN_L output stage DMOS, parasitic body diode. avoid this, TLE6250G TLE6251DS includes serial diode output lines. Please block diagrams devices data sheets [3].
2.3.3.2
TLE6251G.
TLE6251G includes channel DMOS high side switch (pin INH). maximum reverse battery voltage device withstand very small (-300mV)[3]. then necessary protect TLE6251G with diode, preferably Schottky diode voltage issue (Chapter 2.3.1). power loss this diode negligible, since doesn't need high current, whatever mode device then suggested diode common with voltage regulators.
2.3.4
Short circuit bus.
Unfortunatly, short circuit problem which occur vehicle when signal goes electronic module. cases short circuit described Figure transceiver family from Infineon withstand these cases, communication cannot warranted anymore. Chapter describes details resulting current handled voltage regulator.
2.3.4.1
Termination resistors case short circuit Vbat.
case CAN_H short circuit Vbat, (failure case Figure 30), power loss termination resistors taken into account. Figure shows path current, case termination splitted (2x60 120). Purpose Split described Chapter 5.2. transceiver will limit current ICANL_SC value, battery voltage higher than 12V. Power loss resistor Rtermination coefficient comes ratio recessive dominant. also Chapter 3.1.4 According Equation (2), power loss resistors will average 300mW resistor average 600mW. This power taken into account when designing network termination resistors. Application Note V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Vehicle Network. Transceiver automotive environment.
Vbat
NL_S TLE6251G NL_S 4.7nF
NL_S TLE6250G
Figure
Current termination resistors case short circuit Vbat.
Please also notice that case CAN_H shorted Vbat, voltage drop resistors, possible "appearing" permanent dominant signal.
2.3.5
Temperature.
Infineon transceiver family qualified from -40°C 150°C, required automotive standard. Chapter will show power consumption devices, different cases.
2.3.6
Ground shift.
Chapter have seen influence ground line module. will describe application interfacing high current application current application. Figure shows application with ground shift module, connection with connected. limit drawing modules simplification purpose, description remains valid with several modules.
Vbat
625x
CANH Output Stage CANL
625x
CANH CANL Output Stage
Receiver
Receiver
shift
Figure
System with ground shift event
When module subjected ground shift transmitting, CAN_H CAN_L output stages receiving nodes OFF. other words, receivers both CAN_H CAN_L modeled resistors ground. Application Note V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Vehicle Network. Transceiver automotive environment. values found datasheet respective products considered, under name Since sender ground shifted Vshift value, recessive level Vrec seen from chassis ground longer 2.5V typical Vrec Vshift. same shift taken into account dominant signal. This voltage voltage seen receiver. Infineon transceivers differential transceivers, with wide common mode range. CAN_H CAN_L value primary importance, below absolute maximum rating. Only difference voltage (CAN_H CAN_L) taken into account receiver. Figure shows typical signal with ground shift +2V, Figure shows rough ground shift high inrush application load. both cases, communication remains excellent. recessive system level when ground shifted module sending, equaled mean value transceivers recessive voltages. Equation gives value system recessive voltage that case. Vrec [(Vrec_1+ Vshift_1) (Vrec_2 Vshift_2) (Vrec_n Vshift_n)] number connected modules. Vrec_1, specific recessive level transceiver nodes Vshift_1, specific ground shift nodes
Zone
Zone CAN_H
CAN_L
Zone Ground shift value Chassis ground
Figure
Typical ground shift signal.
Zone Shows recessive voltage system, close nominal recessive value 2.5V Zone When transmitter starts communicate (zone signal grows quickly, load capacitors system. (parasitics wiring, terminations capacitors, Zone communication stabilized, recessive voltage reaching value, computed Equation (3). important notice that supply current transceiver will increase. represents number nodes network, Ri_n impedance ground CAN_H CAN_L input each nodes, Vshift ground shift voltage, extra supply current Icc_shift Vshift (Ri_n assuming input resistances identical
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Vehicle Network. Transceiver automotive environment.
CAN_H Vdiff shift CAN_L
Figure
signals with ground shift.
2.3.7
Loss ground.
case loss ground, voltage regulator output (Vcc) might goes battery voltage. means input transceiver might battery potential. transceiver course longer supplied, behaves unpowered state, brings pull-up battery bus, input resistors receiver. From system point view, behavior like short circuit battery weak pull transceiver weak pull-up. signals more conformance with standard communication between non-affected module remains since high speed protocol differential limp home functionnality possible.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Vehicle Network. Transceiver automotive environment.
Inductive load application
Module with ground Voltage Regulator TLE625x TLE625x
CAN_H
CAN_H
Motor
CAN_L
CAN_L motor
Figure
Loss ground with inductive load
application using inductive load, risk destruction possible, inductive load freewheeling diode. Figure shows issue. When ground disconnects, coil demagnetized current flowing less ohmic path available. lowest ohmic path application transceiver. inductive load increases voltage until turning protection current flowing. protection designed withstand such long energy transceiver very quickly destroyed E.O.S. (Electrical Over Stress). only solution plan free wheehling diode inductive load. protection done transceiver level.
2.3.8
Loss Battery.
case loss battery, issue expected, device behaves unsupplied state. Please refers Chapter 3.1.1 (TLE6250G), Chapter 3.2.1 (TLE6251DS) Chapter 3.3.1 (TLE6251G) additional information behavior device, when unsupplied.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Power management, transceiver supply.TLE6250G.
Power management, transceiver supply.
Each transceiver product power management features, from basic features TLE6250G complex power management TLE6251G. following chapter will describe which power consumption different supplies will achieved with different devices.
TLE6250G.
TLE6250G first High Speed Transceiver product Infineon introduced market. This part power management. Anyhow, part includes inhibit functionality, switch device completly. This device perfectly matching application KL15 powernet, unsupplied when vehicle parked.
3.1.1
TLE6250G unsupplied mode.
When TLE6250G unsupplied, brings pull down resistors specified datasheet (parameter
3.1.2
TLE6250G inhibit mode.
inhibit mode, power consumption Vcc, (specified ICC, STB) below 10µA. complete device disabled. TLE6250G brings pull down resistors specified datasheet (parameter Ri).
3.1.3
TLE6250G normal mode.
normal mode, device needs current maximum 70mA dominant state, 10mA recessive state [1]. estimate power consumption normal mode, cyclic ratio assumed, because consider communication overall dominant, recessive. normal mode, device will need maximum average current ICC, (ICC,REC ICC, DOM) 40mA.
3.1.4 3.1.4.1
TLE6250G fault condition. Average maximum current fault condition.
presence failure, supply current transceiver increase significantly, case CAN_H shorted ground. (case Figure 30). recommended dimension Voltage regulator worst case, especially when also supplies micro controller. important notice supply current increase only dominant state, recessive current remains almost unchanged. With same assumption Chapter 3.1.3, average fault current will ICC, AVG, fault (ICC,REC ICANH, 105,5mA This current maximum average current device will demand supply line.
3.1.4.2
Peak maximum current decoupling capacitor.
peak current higher than described Chapter 3.1.4.1, recommended filter maximum peak current decoupling capacitor's Voltage regulator needs stability reason. worst case scenario have dominant bits row. moment controller starts transmission, dominant Start Frame back thus forces Error Frame failure condition. first error frame again reflected forces next error frame Error Counter Latest after 17bit times, depending Error Counter Level before starting this transmission, controller reaches error passive limit stops sending dominant bits. During this 17bits, maximum current will ICANH, filter this peak current, need first compute delta current capacitor should deliver. MAX, ICANH, ICC,REC= 190mA. Application Note V1.0, 2005-11-08
High speed Transceiver
Power management, transceiver supply.TLE6251DS. worst case bypass capacitor then calculates Cbuff ICC, MAX, DOM, Vmax Figure gives result, function baud rate decoupling capacitor value, with allowed Vmax 200mV. This value excess value, since voltage regulator will react. This reaction time only dependant device used cannot described here.
Figure
Buffer capacitor function baud rate.
3.1.5
TLE6250G junction temperature.
Chapter 3.1.3, have seen worst case current consumption normal condition, with supply. This leads nominal power dissipation (70mA 3,5V 10mA 150mW. package offers Rthja 185K/W worst case. junction temperature then increased worst case. case short circuit, power dissipation will increase course. transceiver might thermal shutdown. that case, receiver still active, only power stage disabled, behavior identical receive only mode.
TLE6251DS.
TLE6251DS offers standby mode. this mode, device still able receive some data, with target wake micro controller. This device then compliant Clamp well Clamp (see Chapter 2.1) powernets thanks very high ohmic behavior unsupplied mode (Chapter 3.2.1), perfectly suitable Clamp part mixed KL15 KL30 network.
3.2.1
TLE6251DS unsupplied mode.
TLE6251DS improved behavior during unsupplied case. resistors receivers cutted, current flowing into CAN_H CAN_L limited. datasheet gives value (paramater ICANH, worst case. leads equivalent resistor minimum. Thanks this, device perfectly fits request Clamp mixed with Clamp pull down resistor will limited, compared TLE6250G.
Application Note
V1.0, 2005-11-08
High speed Transceiver
Power management, transceiver supply.TLE6251G.
3.2.2
TLE6251DS stand mode.
that mode, TLE6251DS needs maximum current supply ICC, 30µA, 20µA typical [2]. Figure shows compute quiescent current application, (actuators excluded).
Vbat Total quiescent current q,LDO ICC,
Micro controller stop mode
TLE6251DS ICC,
Figure
Quiescent current computation stand mode.
important notice that this quiescent current "grand total", biggest part often Voltage regulator contribution (Iq, LDO), Voltage regulator designed standard bipolar technology. (TLE42xx TLE44xx Infineon products). this issue, recommended Voltage regulator family from Infineon, SPT5 technology, (TLE72xx TLE74xx). example, supply current TLE4275 worst case 200µA 25°C when TLE7270 30µA [8], similar maximum output current functions. With SPT5 Voltage regulator TLE6251DS, leakage current module will need parked should range 70µA (depending micro controller stop mode supply current).
3.2.3
TLE6251DS normal mode.
normal mode, TLE6251DS behaves TLE6250G. Please refers Chapter 3.1.3
3.2.4
TLE6251DS fault condition.
Please refer Chapter 3.1.4.
3.2.5
TLE6251DS junction temperature.
Please refer Chapter 3.1.5.
TLE6251G.
TLE6251G enhanced energy management, allowing device control entire supply chain electronic module, targeting achieve lowest quiescent current. perfectly fits Clamp application. There's voltage supply sequencing. Vcc, powered indifferent orders.
Application Note
V1.0, 2005-11-08
High speed Transceiver
Power management, transceiver supply.TLE6251G.
3.3.1
TLE6251G unsupplied mode.
Same remarks TLE6251DS, Chapter 3.2.1.
3.3.2
TLE6251G sleep mode.
sleep mode, quiescent current device 25µA typical, 35µA worst case [3]. OFF, using functionality (see also Chapter 4.3.8), then entire module will need more current (actuators excluded).
Vbat
Vbat
Iq,µC
TLE6251G
IVS, sleep
IVS, sleep
TLE6251G
Icc+µC, sleep
Figure
Quiescent current computation sleep mode, with without inhibit functionnality.
case supplied, extra leakage current taken into account, overall quiescent current module will increase dramatically. Figure shows cases. values given data sheet typically range
3.3.3
TLE6251G Stand mode.
stand-by mode entered power after under voltage Compared sleep mode, TLE6251G turns high side switch output extra leakage current taken into account. 25µA maximum turn supply high side internally [3]. also necessary compute extra current load which connected output, which application dependant. TLE6251G includes under voltage detection three supply pins, Vµc. case application requires keep device standby mode long time (higher than minimum under voltage blanking time, also Chapter 4.3.5.2), then, both have present. Otherwise, TLE6251G will automatically sleep mode. means quiescent current application with TLE6251G remaining stand mode bigger than sleep mode, since voltage regulators must remains even current consumed.
Application Note
V1.0, 2005-11-08
High speed Transceiver
Power management, transceiver supply.TLE6251G.
3.3.4
TLE6251G receive only mode.
receive only mode, device functional needs same current normal mode, recessive state.
3.3.5
TLE6251G normal mode.
normal mode, TLE6251G behaves TLE6250G please refers Chapter 3.1.3, with correct values given data sheet [3].
3.3.6
TLE6251G fault condition.
TLE6250G TLE6251DS, current consumption will increase dramatically. Please refer chapter Chapter 3.1.4. Since error management only valid after four transitions (from recessive dominant), worst case scenario with consecutive bits dominant taken into account well.
3.3.7
TLE6251G junction temperature.
normal condition, device needs 40mA supply. SO14 package offers RTHJA maximum 120K/W, leading junction temperature increase 24K, compared ambient temperature.
3.3.8
Choice voltage regulator.
voltage regulator chosen family drop output (LDO), Infineon's TLE42xx, TLE44xx, TLE72xx TLE74xx. These LDOs families allow input voltage down 5.5V their input pin. filter bounces battery supply line, application requires input capacitor. This capacitor protected against reverse polarity adding diode. This diode chosen with lowest voltage drop (Schottky diode, typical 200mV) forward path. that delivers proper with minimum 5.7V battery voltage. Below, cannot warranted anymore, follows battery voltage. transceiver means well level will smaller, follows battery line, until threshold when communication will stop completly. should able deliver 40mA current (see Chapter 3.1.3), only transceiver. should also allow work with peak current 105mA (see Chapter 3.1.4.1) transceiver. Since 105mA condition after while, Error Frame counter will stop communication, needed warranty 105mA condition. decoupling capacitor output described Chapter 3.1.4.2. used only supply transceiver, TLE4266-2G.[9], offering minimun 150mA peak current, input, SOT223, fits perfectly.
Application Note
V1.0, 2005-11-08
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6250G/GV33.
Interface with micro controller.
transceiver physical layer between protocol controller (micro controller, state machine), physical transmission medium. Following description, TLE6250 TLE6251 family, interface between micro controller Infineon's used transceiver.
TLE6250G/GV33.
Figure shows brief description logic pins TLE6250G TLE6250GV33, adapted 3.3V logic level. Following description logical Figure Figure gives standard schematic application.
6250
6250
Mode Control
Mode Control
TLE6250G BLOCK DIAGRAM.VSD
Figure
Block diagram TLE6250G/ TLE6250GV33
4.1.1
gives proper supply build CAN_H CAN_L signal, well receiver supply internal voltage reference supply build recessive state level. case TLE6250G use, logic pins pulled Vcc. Chapter 3.3.8 gives additional information about size correctly voltage regulator supply.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6250G/GV33.
4.1.2
(only TLE6250G version).
Receive only Mode special feature from TLE6250G. This allows inhibit data streaming pin, which blocks transmission. Main functionality receive only mode allow diagnostic avoid aknowledge realized software), check modules connections, Figure avoid miss-communication medium micro controller failure. enter Receive-only Mode, logical zero applied pin. device normal operation, activate data streaming from micro controller pin, logical Since TLE6250G integrates pull resistor, default device normal operation. case Receive only mode used, left opened.
Example Checking connection between module
module Receive only mode. Module send test message. Module Acknowledges reception. Connection acknowledge reception. Connection NOK. Module also acknowledge message thanks receive only mode, software bypassed
Figure Module connection verification, using receive only mode functionnality
4.1.3
INH.
used device stand mode normal operation. stand mode used reach lowest quiescent current possible pin. enter stand operation mode, logical device integrates internal pull default, device stand mode. enter normal operation, logical applied. that case, maximum current flowing 525µA. case mode needed, ground directly.
4.1.4
(only TLE6250GV33).
needed operation with 3.3V micro controllers correct level between micro controller transceiver. This needs some current, mainly supply (see Chapter 4.1.6). This also supplied voltage regulator course, when application requesting separate supply micro controller transceiver. case voltage well risk have permanent dominant signal bus. TLE6250GV33 includes functionnality react that case, CAN_H CAN_L output switches device recessive. opposite case, OFF, might permanently (dominant), could trouble software. avoid this, case permanently high (recessive).
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6250G/GV33.
4.1.5
TxD.
transceiver receives digital stream transmitted from micro controller onto TxD. Sometimes, signal show steep edges transitions, likely degrade performance total module. this case recommended place plan serial resistor into line between transceiver micro controller. Along with TLE6250G internal capacitance (value) this would help smooth edges some degree. high speed communication 1Mbit/s, resistor might generates extra delay this taken into account, please refers Figure parasitic capacitor CTxD specified, testing reasons. standard value used Infineon's transceiver 10pF, 15pF consider worst case.
TLE6250 TLE6251
VµCTx
Transceiver Internal transceiver
Micro controller
VTranscieverTxD
Figure parasitic delay case serial resistor.
Parasitic delay
4.1.6
RxD.
analog stream received from output further processing within micro controller. with series resistor about used smooth edges transitions. Again additional delay within taken into account, high speeds close 1Mbit/s used. output stage push pull stage. output protected against over-current. Nevertheless, case short circuit, current about 15mA typical flow (depends short ground short Vcc). This typical failure happens when forced ground follows bus, meaning also repeats what sends. Figure shows propagation delay concept.
Td(L),
Td(H),
Vdiff CAN_H -CAN_L
Td(L),
Td(H
Figure
receiver timing V1.0, 2006-04-01
Application Note
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6250G/GV33.
Vbat
Main switch
Some pins missing, simplification purposes
6250 GPIO
GPIO
4270
Optional, improve performance
Figure
Typical application TLE6250G
Vbat
Main switch
Some pins missing, simplification purposes
6250
4476
Optional, improve performance
Figure
Typical application TLE6250GV33. V1.0, 2006-04-01
Application Note
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251DS.
TLE6251DS.
Compared TLE6250G, TLE6251DS almost same (see Figure 23). TLE6251DS able wake micro controller activities. will describe logic pins TLE6251DS. Figure describes typical application interface between TLE6251DS micro controller. TLE6251DS fits only micro controller interface.
6251 (P-DSO-8)
CANH CANL SPLIT
6250G (P-DSO-8)
CANH CANL
Figure
comparison TLE6251DS TLE6250G
4.2.1
STB.
(STand used TLE6251DS standby normal mode. device normal operation, logical applied. (and logical device standby mode). integrated pull-up, default device standby mode. case standby feature isn't needed, should connected ground.
4.2.2 4.2.2.1
TxD. Hardware description.
Please refers Chapter 4.1.5, description TLE6250G.
4.2.2.2
Time function.
TLE6251DS permanent dominant disable time. Figure 4.2.3 describes this feature. used case micro controller goes faulty condition sets permanent logic level. that case, permanently dominant entire network down faulty micro controller. avoid this, permanent dominant disable time will automatically relax recessive level more than TxD. value found TLE6251DS data sheet [2]. come back normal operation, back logical special filter timing recovery applied. means there's constrained minimum time logical leave permanent dominant disable function. Anyway, function realized with flip flop reset pulse should longer than propagation delay flip flop cell, 20ns.
Time release pulse CAN_H
CAN_L Normal mode Time Normal mode
Figure
Permanent dominant time feature.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251DS.
4.2.2.3
Time function. Baud rate limitation.
This feature limits minimum possible baud rate. According protocol maximum eleven successive dominant bits allowed only (worst case five successive dominant bits followed immediately error frame). With minimum value given data sheet 300µs [2], that bits should faster than 300µs, baud rate application must higher than 36.6kbit/s sure comply protocol. baud rate dominant bits TXD.
4.2.3 4.2.3.1
RxD. Hardware description.
TLE6250G, Chapter 4.1.6, push pull stage. case short circuit ground Vcc, current limited maximum 20mA datasheet IscRxD).
4.2.3.2
Wake behavior.
used wake micro controller realize wake mechanism, micro controller should stop mode should interrupt input order wake. Figure gives timing wake function. parameter given data sheet TLE6251DS directly copied from 11898-5 norm[6]. understood case pulse shorter than minimum value tWU, device will/has never wake This avoid parasitic wakes Electro Magnetic disturbances example. case pulse between minimum value maximum value, device might wake depending temperature, production spread, etc. case pulse longer than maximum value tWU, device will/has wake Since application micro controller might missed first edge, TLE6251DS following toggling.
Recessive level sets module wants wake TLE6251DS CAN_H
CAN_L short wake pulse Wake pulse missed microcontroller Stand mode Stop mode Start Normal mode Normal mode
RTµC
TLE6251DS state Microcontroller state
Microncontroller Sets
Figure
Wake timing.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251DS.
4.2.3.3
Delay from stand normal mode.
achieve very good quiescent current standby mode, TLE6251DS receivers, power mode normal mode. When micro controller device normal operation with pin, dominant, parasitic pulse observed. This commutation from power receiver normal receiver. Figure describes timing this possible parasitic pulse. Unless this parasitic pulse maximum duration specified, never longer than 50µs.
CAN_H
CAN_L Parasitic TLE6251DS reset pulse
Stand mode
Transition
Normal mode
Figure
Delay from stand normal mode timing.
Some pins missing, simplification purposes Vbat 6251DS GPIO 7270 Optional, improve performance GPIO
Figure
Typical application TLE6251DS.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G.
TLE6251G.
TLE6251G same pin-out compared TLE6251DS (see Figure 28), with inverse logic pin, with additional functionalities. TLE6251G able wake micro controller, well power supplies activities. will describe logic pins TLE6251G. Figure describes typical application interface between TLE6251G micro controller.
6251 (P-DSO-14-13) NSTB CANH CANL SPLIT NERR
6251 (P-DSO-8-3) CANH CANL SPLIT
Figure
comparison TLE6251DS TLE6251G
4.3.1
TxD.
Please refer Chapter 4.2.2
4.3.2
RxD.
Please refer Chapter 4.2.3, TLE6251DS without wake behavior.
4.3.3
(enable) used TLE6251G normal operation. device disabled with logical enabled with logical pull down integrated. default, device disabled.
4.3.4
NSTB.
NSTB used switch device receive only mode (See Chapter 4.1.2) also used bring device sleep mode go-to-sleep state. Figure shows different operating mode TLE6251G NSTB integrated pull down. default, device stand-by mode.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G.
Power Down
Start Power
Normal Mode NSTB High Undervoltage
Sleep NSTB
Receive-Only NSTB High
Stand-By NSTB High
Wake-Up:
Undervoltage
Sleep
NSTB
Float.
TLE6251G STATE DIAGRAM.VSD
Figure
TLE6251G Mode state diagram
4.3.5
VµC.
used supply pins direct contact with micro controller, voltage reference micro controller threshold, order device both with 3.3V micro controller. case micro controller same supply transceiver, should connected together.
4.3.5.1
maximum current.
push-pull RxD, well NERR supplied VµC. case and/or NERR short circuit ground, non-negligible current (please refers TLE6251G data sheet [3], ISC_NERR, ISC_RxD) will demanded micro controller supply.
4.3.5.2
under voltage detection.
voltage level monitored TLE6251G. Benefit this solution avoid undesired communication when present micro controller down. case under voltage detection VµC, device going sleep mode. Since device command micro controller supply, with Application Note V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G. output pin, quite long filter time implemented (refer TLE6251G data sheet), allow micro controller supply rise voltage. There's sequencing requested with others voltage supply (Vcc Vs).
4.3.6
Vcc.
used supply proper signal bus, voltage reference receiver stage when normal mode. voltage monitored pin. Please refer also Chapter 4.3.5.2. There's sequencing requested with others voltage supply (VµC Vs).
4.3.7
NERR.
NERR used flag indicator failure event bus. output stage push-pull, connected VµC. following section will describe NERR behavior.
4.3.7.1
Possible errors cases.
Figure gives possible failures that encount wiring. case several these failures occur, NERR logical It's important notice that some errors only detected after certain amount transition recessive dominant states. example, CAN_L shorted ground (case failure cannot detected long dominant. While some events detected protocol (cases some others only detectable this transceiver feature
4.3.7.2
NERR short circuit.
case NERR shorted ground, output stage push-pull, high current flow out. This current internally limited. Please refer TLE6251G's data sheet parameter ISC_NERR. This current taken into account when dimensioning supply safe design. (see Chapter 4.3.5.1)
Vbat Case Case CAN_H Case
Case Vbat Case CAN_L Case
Figure Possible failure cases failures word list. (According 11898)
Case
Case
Case
4.3.8
INH.
real logical pin. function this mainly digital described following section. This power output. channel DMOS switch gives "high voltage logic" indication.
4.3.8.1
purpose.
Main purpose indicate wake event from either line. always high, meaning equal battery voltage, minus voltage drop (please refer TLE6251G data sheet [3]) except during sleep mode condition. that case, high ohmic.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G.
4.3.8.2
power capability.
suitable drive ohmic load, output current should exceed 5mA. then impossible drive input voltage regulator (LDO) directly should used drive inhibit input LDO. input isn't protected against short circuit ground should connected outside E.C.U. case short ground, overload, protection will thermal shutdown.
4.3.8.3
driving input Voltage regulator.
Infineon family active when their input high when input low. Since they have integrated pull down, normally necessary external one. Anyway, issue, reasonable plan external resistor with value 10k, case parasitics coming into pin. Figure shows recommended circuitry INH.
VBAT
TLE4xxx TLE7xxx
optional TLE6251G
Figure
Circuitry output
4.3.8.4
Wake timing with INH.
Using drive voltage regulator INH, wake timing shown Figure Please note time scale isn't linear. start voltage regulator takes several when logical signal some applications, only inhibit input micro-controller voltage regulator, voltage regulator transceiver driven theTLE6251G. line necessary proper supply transceiver, proper supply micro-controller switched micro-controller. assume activation time each Equation (4)), necessary start-up time microcontroller, time normal operation increased significantly, like 40ms normally. Whenever this time below 50ms (see [3], parameter UV,t), undervoltage mechanism inhibited. gives time react without entering into sleep mode again, which will inhibit microcontroller entering infinite cyclic wakes. Start time Voltage regulator formula: Tmax Cmax /(Imin- start_up) Tmax represents longest time needed reach regulated voltage 3.3V) Cmax total capacitance regulated voltage. (With capacitance tolerance) regulated voltage 3.3V) Imin minimum current voltage regulator able drive maximum.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G. Istart_up current application (e.g micro controller) need during start phase. Example, with TLE4278G. TLE4278G Voltage regulator. Data sheet specifies minimum value maximum current Voltage regulator able drive Imin 200mA. Assuming CMAX 60µF (20% tolerance 47µF capacitor) decoupling capacitors Vcc, Istart_up 20mA supply application (microcontroller, logical circuitries.) maximum time Voltage regulator needs reach starting from then: Tmax x10-6 (200 10-3 10-3)= 1,7ms.
4.3.9
(Wake) also high voltage pin. used mainly signal local wake event transceiver. signal change only necessary wake device. pull-up pull-down, used wake switch ground, switch battery. wake sensible voltage edges. case Wake unused, recommended connect directly ground. avoid parasitic wake up). Figure possible usage description.
Vbat
optionnal Vbat
switch TLE6251G switch RWK* TLE6251G
High side wake
side wake
Figure
Possible wake circuitries.
should planned, improve robustness pulses. pulses test shows good results without, useless, because absolute maximum rating (see [3]) allows enough safety margin. necessary, polarize sleeping state. value should according cleaning current switch.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G.
CAN_H CAN_L WAIT Vdiff
WAKE PATTERN
Communication starts
DEVICE WAKES
Vcc/Vio WAKES RAMP P.O.R.
NERR
NSTB/EN sets TLE6251G normal operation
Normal mode
Figure
Wake timing with function. Cold start.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G.
TLE4266
CVcc
TLE7273GV33
CVµC
TLE6251G
supply GPIO
NSTB GPIO
NERR
Microcontroller with chip module C164, C167 XC164 TC17xx
controller
Optional. improve performance
Figure
Typical application circuit TLE6251G, with separate 3.3V supply
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G.
4.3.10 4.3.10.1
Software issues consideration TLE6251G. Cold start.
power flag TLE6251G indicates microcontroller whether microcontroller cold start caused wakeup from Sleep mode first battery power application. This information often needed application initiate some possible calibration procedures upon first battery power application. NERR reflects power flag when entering power /Receive only mode from stand sleep sleep mode. Moreover, case wake from Sleep Mode, TLE6251G provides information wake source. Entering Normal mode NERR reflects wake source flag. logical signal indicates local wake whereas logical indicates remote wakeup bus. case battery power applied first time, internal hardware reset given transceiver initialization. Subsequently, power flag pulled Vbat, activating voltage regulator(s) ramping supply. also Chapter 4.3.8. Along with pins NERR logical With ramping Vcc, micro controller comes almost micro controllers feature weak pull down floating behaviour their port pins, TLE6251G comes stand mode after first battery power also Chapter 4.3.2 Chapter 4.3.7. This starting point application program taking over control now. microcontroller comes with logical port pins, TLE6251G enters normal mode power flag information irretrievably lost. Please refer Figure timing characteristics. Figure suggests software flow cold start. considers primarily issues related TLE6251G rather than representing complete software flow. After transceiver microcontroller have performed their initialization, transceiver power Receive Only Mode reading power flag. logical signal read NERR, cold start initiated first battery power microcontroller performs correspnding system startup procedure. logical read, cold start initiated wake from sleep mode. order information wake source, Normal mode selected. reading NERR yields logical there local wake wake. reading yields logical signal, wake came bus. Afterwards, cold start procedure finished normal operation ongoing.
4.3.10.2
start.
warm start performed when wakes from Sleep Mode. Figure suggests software flow warm start. starting point assumes TLE6251G transceiver Sleep Mode host microcontroller dedicated power down mode. transceiver receives wake either internal wake flag signalled NERR RxD. These signals used wakeup microcontroller from power down mode. starting application program take control over transceiver. power flag interest, microcontroller force transceiver into Power Receive Only Mode reading Power flag. Otherwise microcontroller force transceiver directly into Normal mode reading wake Source flag NERR. microcontroller remains powered supply, microcontroller monitor port pins possible wake events. Upon detection wake event microcontroller initiate wakeup forcing transceiver directly into normal mode. Then reading Power flag wake Source, flag necessary.
4.3.10.3
Enter Standby mode.
When network management decides system into standby, each must receive appropriate standby command. flow diagram seen Figure shows different steps order TLE6251G into Standby mode. Upon receiving standby command (like message), microcontroller stop transmission. order ensure that communication present anymore, caused other nodes, must have been recessive suitable time before TLE6251G Standby Mode setting NSTB logical there system dependant "waiting period", implemented there would risk that node sends last message while another already towards Application Note V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G. Standby mode. This would cause wake event thus making impossible enter system wide power state.
4.3.10.4
Enter Sleep mode.
procedure into sleep mode shown Figure similar previous entering Standby mode. Upon receiving sleep command microcontroller stop transmission. order ensure that communication present anymore, must have been recessive suitbale time before TLE6251G into Sleep Mode selecting NSTB logical logical difference that microcontroller checks periodically wake long down. This necessary since might happen that wake event just appears while Sleep Command processed. this case TLE6251G will keep high will drop down. Instead wake request forwarded application NERR. Without this check microcontroller would assume that sleep phase follows with disabled Vcc, thus waiting forever power reset caused wakeup which will never happen.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G.
VBAT connected High NSTB, held during ramping
Cold Start
Select power Receive only mode
NSTB Optional power flag interest Wait 10µs
Power flag First Vbat application Wake from Sleep mode
Read NERR
(first Vbat app) NERR
(sleep wake) Select normal mode NSTB System start procedure Optional wake origin interest NSTB Wake source flag local wake Wake Read NERR
Wait 10µs
Cold Start
Figure
Flow diagram cold start.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G.
Transceiver Stand Power Down available.
Warm start
Microcontroller initiates wake
NERR goes Local Remote wake
Wake event
Select normal mode
NSTB NSTB Wait 10µs
Wake source Flag Local wake wake
Read NERR
Activate controller
Release reset
Warm Start
Figure
Flow diagram warm start.
TLE6251G Normal mode
Standby command received
Stop transmission
Wait suitable time recessive
Select Stand mode
NSTB
Standby mode
Figure
Flow diagram enter Stand mode
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Interface with micro controller. TLE6251G.
TLE6251G Normal mode
Sleep command received
Stop transmission
Wait suitable time recessive
Select Go-to sleep mode
NSTB
Check wake
Read NERR
NERR RxD=
down. Standby mode
down.
Wake Restart
Figure
Flow diagram enter Sleep mode
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
pins. Terminations concepts. Termination resistors.
pins. Terminations concepts.
transceiver connected CAN_H CAN_L. Some concept also includes called SPLIT pin. purpose this improve behavior transceiver, increasing symmetry between CAN_H CAN_L. Figure
Termination resistors.
11898-2 11898-5 request system resistor termination. This termination resistor needed reduce reflexions bus. Where apply this resistor OEM, several concepts possible used today, depending usage, topology, etc. Some applications have only termination resistor, mainly stars topology. Some applications have termination resistors 120, linear topology, some even have termination resistor each nodes, total impedance should equaled However, recommended weak termination resistor least improvements system, terms emission. important forget short circuit issue, described Chapter 2.3.4.1.
Split pin.
recommended application circuitry described Figure
CAN_H TLE6251G TLE6251DS SPLIT 4.7nF
CAN_H TLE6251G TLE6251DS SPLIT 4.7nF
CAN_L
CAN_L
Suggested value, according maker requirements.
Figure
Application circuitry split pin.
5.2.1
Recessive voltage mixed Clamp network, without SPLIT.
When system requires types modules, some connected CL15 (see Chapter 2.1.1), some connected CL30 (see Chapter 2.1.2), unsupplied modules bring extra impedance ground. result recessive voltage tends recessive voltage with mixed network, without split computed with Equation (5), with usage TLE6250G. Vrec Vref (m+n) represents number nodes supplied enable (CL30) represents number unsupplied nodes. (CL15) Vref recessive voltage when device alone. Table Typically equivalent electrical schematic system given Figure assuming (for simplification) internal impedances voltage regulators identical. Figure gives voltage value, m=2, function
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
pins. Terminations concepts. Split pin.
nodes
nodes
termination total Ohm=120Ohm//120Ohm
VRef
Figure
Equivalent electrical schematic mixed network without split
5.2.2
Recessive voltage mixed Clamp network, with SPLIT.
TLE6251DS TLE6251G integrate SPLIT pin. internal schematic split quite complex, simplified voltage regulator VSPLIT with internal resistor RSPLIT, [3]. purpose SPLIT improve symetry signal, maintaining recessive voltage value dominant voltage CAN_H CAN_L. Using SPLIT pin, equivalent circuitry looks like Figure recessive voltage with mixed network, with SPLIT computed with Equation (6), assuming devices identical (for simplification purposes).
nodes
SPLIT
nodes
nodes
nodes
SPLIT
VRef
VSPLIT
VSPLIT
Figure
Equivalent electrical schematic mixed network with SPLIT
represents number supplied enabled nodes with without split pin.(min represents number SPLIT nodes with termination resistors (min represents number SPLIT nodes with weak termination resistors
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
pins. Terminations concepts. Split pin. represents number unsupplied nodes.
Vrec Vref
influence SPLIT seen, since Figure gives System recessive level, several conditions. Worst case nodes communications, others disabled. important notice that both TLE6251DS TLE6251G offer very weak connection gournd when they unsupplied (specified datasheet current ICANHL_lk) about problem less forseen application using these devices unsupplied. Last least, capacitor about 4.7nF shown Figure without connection SPLIT circuitry shows improve well recessive level value.
recessive level
3,00 2,50 2,00 Vrec 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00
Figure
Number unsupplied node
Recessive level different configurations mixed network with split.
t=0, corresponds case without split termination concept. (Equation (5)) t=0, correesponds case with split weak termination resistor (1k) t=1, corresponds case with split termination resistor (60) t=2, corresponds case with split both termination resistor. Application Note V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
pins. Terminations concepts. CAN_H CAN_L.
CAN_H CAN_L.
CAN_H CAN_L interface network. challenge these pins multiples. EMC, ESD, that will Chapter Chapter challenge also regarding short circuit discussed Chapter 3.1.4 mainly. Last least, CAN_H CAN_L have parasitic capacitors ground, DMOS cells well structure. These parasitics capacitors specified, testing issues maximum observed value range 50pF CAN_H, half CAN_L TLE6250G. reason this unsymmetry that CAN_L channel, when CAN_H channel output stage. rule thumb, channel cell twice bigger same Rdson.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Aspects. tests definition.
Aspects.
Among disturbances transceiver encounter vehicle, discharge most critical. Since basic application networking present whole vehicle, risk discharge very important. impression issue, Figure shows current flowing into TLE6250G, function discharge voltage; pulse applied CAN_H pin, current measured ground line. device unsupplied. robustness strongly dependant humidity condition. robustness increasing with humidity.
Figure
Current flowing TLE6250G ground, function voltage. Device unsupplied
6.1.1
tests definition. Human Body Model test. (MIL-STD 883).
test modification Method 3015.7, MIL-STD-883. test realized pin, versus others. semiconductor industry keen specify with HBM, because represents typical aggression during processing module, operator facility touching device. model equivalent capacitor 100pF loaded voltage. discharge applied 1.5k resistor (1500 your standard resistance value.). This test represents normal aggression during life vehicle during manufacturing, because risk somebody touching device when module built very low. Figure shows test protocol. Infineon realize test inhouse. values specified Infineon's datasheet. standard value +/-2kV, reach higher values board pins.
6.1.2
test. (IEC 61000-4-2).
61000-4-2 test represents typical case somebody carrying metallic object (screw drivers, pliers.),touching connectors housing module. also called pistol test. applies same
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Aspects. tests definition. voltage, loaded into 150pF discharged 330. This test more representative real disturbance during manufacturing. Figure shows difference between test, same voltage level. obvious that IEC61000-4-2 much more severe test terms energy. test realized board pins (CAN_H, CAN_L, Wake pin) versus ground. Figure shows test protocol. communication applications, physical layer, Infineon performing test external independant test facility (I.B.E.E. Zwickau, Germany). value isn't specified Infineon's datasheet, because test also application's dependant. Values reached given, request.
+8kV applied
IEC1000-4-2
(ns)
Figure
Comparison current between test.
100pF 150pF
D.U.T
1500
Figure
test equipement
6.1.3
Charged Device Model (CDM).
device also become charged. then contacts insertion head another conductive surface, rapid discharge occur from device metal object. This event known Charged Device Model (CDM) event, more destructive than some devices. Although duration discharge very short (often less than nanosecond) peak current reach several tens Ampere. Application Note V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Aspects. protection.
6.1.4
Machine Model (MM).
discharge similar event also occur from charged conductive object, such metallic tool fixture. Originating Japan result trying create worst-case event, model known Machine Model. This model consists 200pF capacitor discharged directly into component with series resistor. worst-case human body model, Machine Model over severe. However, there realworld situations that this model represents, example rapid discharge from charged board assembly from charged cables automatic tester.
protection.
infineon's product includes internal protection. concept Infineon's protection differs from others silicon supplier. protection turned soon voltage reach certain values. This values actually specified datasheet [1], [2]and [3], absolute maximum rating. avalanche voltage technology higher than protection threshold. Figure shows proctection behavior. standard protection most commonly used semiconductors suppliers. improved protection typical behavior protection Infineon's transceiver includes. Compared standard protection, reduces energy heat into device. Moreover, Infineon's technology allows thermal resistance leadframe. heat then spread into whole device, reducing risk spots (local overheat).
Standard protection TLE6250G Ideal protection Symbolic representation protection TLE6251DS TLE6251G protection
Snap back parasitic effect
Figure
Standard Infineon protection
Modules under test.
Figure shows test following section, with respective external component.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Aspects. Modules under test.
6250
CANH
Driver Output Stage
CANL
Temp.Protection
Mode Control
Receiver
Shunts current measurements
Figure
Schematic test
6.3.1
Device without external protection circuitry.
Figure Figure shows measurement realized ground line line (device supplied 5V), with test TLE6250G. discharge applied CAN_H.
Figure
Positive discharge, device supplied. Read ground supply current.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Aspects. Modules under test.
Figure
Negative discharge, device supplied. Read ground supply current.
6.3.2
level reached with choke coil.
purpose choke coil described Chapter Figure shows typical current flowing into ground line during discharge. measurements show that choke coil real influence results could considered efficient solution protection.
TLE6250G discharge applied CAN_H. Current measured ground line. Device supplied
Without coil B82790S513 (Epcos) MMZ2012Y202B (TDK)
Figure
discharge, device supplied. Read ground current. With choke coil.
6.3.3
level reached with choke coil diode varistor.
Figure Figure show results positive negative discharges CAN_H, device supplied. influence clearly seen, when using both varistor choke coil. Using varistor alone doesn't influence much results, because varistor isn't fast enough. Using these external components, Application Note V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Aspects. Modules under test. current more flowing device external protection circuitry. this condition, robustness reach very high values like 20kV.
+4kV discharge applied CAN_H Current measured ground line Device supplied
without
serial serial
Figure
Positive discharge, device supplied. Read ground current. With varistor.
-1kV discharge applied CAN_H. Current measured ground line. Device supplied
without serial serial
Figure
Negative discharge, device supplied. Read ground current. With varistor V1.0, 2006-04-01
Application Note
High speed Transceiver
Aspects. layout.
layout.
Knowing this, applying good protection corresponding requirement application, given pass successfully test. Chapter that current flowing ground device ground external protection). ground device something else than ground module. equal grounds, layout designed with care. Figure shows typical case where discharge becoming issue module.
TLE6250G TLE6251G
CANH CANL
Drop
e.g. 4270
Figure
example ESD.
case discharge CAN_H CAN_L pin, ground connector situated from transceiver, with digital components microcontroller between, ground line resistance cannot neglicted. resultance overvoltage, locally ground micro controller, easily destroyed Figure shows proper design avoid these issues. ground connector close possible transceiver.
Conclusion.
application targeting have good robustness, layout board very important. Providing external protection described Chapter 6.3.3 allow even more robust design. external protection influencing terminations concept, also necessary check Chapter comply requirements. case varistor usage, choke coil least coils necessary. tempting reduce varistor threshold voltage. This will improve robustness course, (Chapter results will definitly jeopardized.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Aspects. Conclusion.
TLE6250G TLE6251G
CANH CANL
e.g. 4270
Figure
Good design robustness
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
aspect. Immunity against transcients.
aspect.
Electro-Magnetic-Compatibility challenge achieve with applications. Main reason wiring harness system running into complete vehicle. chance encounter interferences, create interferences neighbor cables very high without design care. EMC, domains considered, immunity (EMI) emission (EME).
Immunity against transcients.
transcients that transceivers facing mainly defined international standard 7637 part consists checking whether device still running properly, withstand disturbances goes back normal operation afterwards, might destroyed. behavior requested OEM. pulses representing disconnection inductive load wiring harness.
Immunity against disturbances.
disturbances tested several means. They described ISO11452.
7.2.1
Stripline test. 11452-5.
stripline test provides uniform transverse electromagnetic field with electric field across strips magnetic field parallel them. Parallel-plate co-planar lines used with lower plate bounded shielded enclosure which test takes place. Such lines allow units subjected plane waves over wide frequency range, with high field strengths.
7.2.2
Bulk Current Injection test. (BCI). 11452-4.
Bulk Current Injection (BCI) test technique pioneered aircraft industry which uses current probes (both pick-up injection) couple test measurement system conductor bundle conductors such vehicle wiring harness. probes themselves transformers. injection probe driven from output amplifier couples current into harness equipment under test acting primary transformer single turn harness acting secondary. Pick-up probes similar this time allow bulk current harness monitored using power meter.
7.3.1
Infineon transceivers disturbances. Immunity against transcients.
device design optimized withstand pulses. check devices checked independant laboratory, IBEE. They apply tests, damage malfunction test.
7.3.1.1
Damage test.
Purpose damage test check whether device withstands pulses, without destruction. levels voltage applied indicated Table infineon high speed transceivers withstand distrubances, without destruction. Table Damage test Pulse repetition frequency (Hz) Test duration (mn) V1.0, 2006-04-01 Remarks Test pulse -100 +100 -150 +150
Application Note
High speed Transceiver
aspect. Infineon transceivers disturbances.
7.3.1.2
Malfunction test.
During malfunction test voltage increased, each pulses, until device definitively broken. reached values given, request.
7.3.2
Immunity against disturbances.
cell, well tests, tests module's level. results stongly dependant application. would possible test device these condition, interpretation device robustness would impossible, since there's much set-up there applications. avoid this information disturbances robustness, Direct Power Injection (DPI) test implemented.
7.3.2.1
test limitation
Figure shows typical case limitation BCI, component test. transceiver alone board (for component test). current probe injecting 200mA example. that case, assuming device recessive OFF, having impedance minimum, voltage pins CAN_H CAN_L will reach 100mA 3000 theoretical practice diode turning ON). question more know device will perturbated, know overcome test soon capacitor present, this computation relevant anymore. then, more component test test module's level.
Test
200mA Termination
current generator
Figure
test limitation example
7.3.2.2
Principle test.
test from principle point view, similar test. principle inject certain voltage, modulated not, check integrity signal (via NERR transceiver). test consists identical transceivers, soldered defined PCB. traced PCB. Instead current injection, power injected capacitor Figure 56), measured dBm, Watt. BCI, power injected monitored check possible reflexions bus. main benefit method allow comparison between different supplier's design identical test bench, consortium example.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
aspect. Infineon transceivers disturbances.
Figure
test
From results, cell result easily assessed. shows results reach with perfect module design, cell.
7.3.2.3
Results Infineon's transceiver under test.
results given request. Figure shows typical result curve well known TLE6250G. Others transceivers available request. axis, find frequency range. left axe, find maximum power injected without failure. ideal transceiver would have straight curve, 36dBm injected without failure. right axe, find voltage Volt power injected, reflecting reflexions line.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
aspect. Infineon transceivers disturbances.
Figure
test results example TLE6250G
7.3.2.4
Improvement result. choke coil.
When transceiver shows weaknesses from test, solution choke coil. Figure shows principle choke coil. operation current induces magnetic flow both induced magnetic flow common mode choke influence signal current all. common mode interference induces flow that sums flow This magnetic flow ,,sees" strong damping system inductance magnetic ring (high permeability) also damping resulting interference current system. choke coil should chosen within high (L=11, 51µH), factor, very (100.300m) resistance high resonnance frequency. course, coil should withstand short circuit current 200mA. B82790S513 (51µH) from Epcos MMZ2012Y202B (51µH) from instance matching these requirements. important notice choke coil filters parasitics coming module, well eventual parasitics created transceiver itself, only disturbances both channels (like cell). case only CAN_H CAN_L disturbed disturbing, choke coil useless. such parasitics, preferable capacitor coil.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
aspect. Infineon transceivers disturbances.
Operation
operation current magnetic flow
RLOAD
interference
interference current magnetic flow
Figure
Choke coil principle
Figure shows results, witht same Figure adding chock coil, suppressing traditionnal weakness frequency.
Figure
test results with choke coil TLE6250G.
7.3.3
Emission
well immunity test, emission performed same test bench method. emission, necessary transceiver emitting. stated test pulses. first square wave 250kHz matching high baudrate application. second test signal duty cycle, frequency 50kHz, matching baudrate application. Figure shows results TLE6250G under these conditions. disturbances measured dBµV, showing frequency.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
aspect. Infineon transceivers disturbances.
Figure
test results with TLE6250G, without chock coil
well immunity, choke coil used. Figure shows benefit chock coil test signal (square wave 250kHz). least 10dBµV reduction observed.
Figure
test results with TLE6250G with without chock coil
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
aspect. Conclusion.
Conclusion.
well ESD, performance application strongly dependant design care. recommended plan choke coil, even module test shows good results without. Infineon's transceiver tested according method described this chapter reports each particular parts available request. Similar comparison between component test module test, result test difficult predict.
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
Products summary
Products summary
Functionality TLE6250G TLE6250GV33 TLE6251DS TLE6251G Unit supply Enable bias unpowered mode SPLIT output time [4,5;5,5] [4,5;5,5] [3.0 ;5,5] [4,75;5,25] weak [4,75;5,25] [3.0 5,25] weak
comments
wake
Comment (+/-)
Abbreviation Meaning IBEE Bulk Current Injection Controller Area Network Charged Device Model Direct Power Injection Device Under Test Electro-magnetic Compatibility Electro-magnetic Emission Electro-magnetic Immunity Electrical Over Stress Electro Static Discharge Human Body model High Speed transceiver industrielle Electrotechnik Electronik International Conformance Testing International Electrotechnical Commision Inhibit International Standard Organization Drop Output Machine Model Original Equipement Manufacturer Short Circuit Smart Power Technology
test test
Other name Voltage regulator test frame this document, means maker Bipolar CMOS DMOS technology developped Infineon
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
High speed Transceiver
References.
References.
Data Sheet High speed CAN, TLE6250G Infineon Technologies Version Data Sheet High speed CAN, TLE6251DS Infineon Technologies Version Data Sheet High speed CAN, TLE6251G Infineon Technologies version Data Sheet, TLE4278G Infineon Technologies version International Standard 11898-2, Road Vehicles Controller Area Network (CAN) part High speed medium access unit. International Standard 11898-5, Road Vehicles Controller Area Network (CAN) part High speed medium access unit. Data Sheet, Voltage regulator TLE4275G Infineon Technologies version Data Sheet, Voltage regulator TLE7270G Infineon Technologies version 0.21 Data Sheet, Voltage regulator TLE4266-2G Infineon Technologies version
Application Note
V1.0, 2006-04-01
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